Pediatric


This bibliography contains a link to the abstract or document when available. These links may take you to a website such as PubMed, a service of the US National Library of Medicine. Some of these links may require a search. The third party website links listed are not affiliated with Somanetics, and Somanetics does not endorse or warrant the content, services or products of such third party websites.

* = Abstract

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Cardiac Surgery
2008


Ahmad NS, Walker IA, Brew S. Repair of sinus venosus defect in a patient with untreated vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Jun;18(6):548-53. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Case Report]
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Chakravarti S, Srivastava S, Mittnacht AJ. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Children. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008 Apr 2 Review. [Epub ahead of print]
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Farouk A, Karimi M, Henderson M, Ostrowsky J, Siwik E, Hennein H. Cerebral regional oxygenation during aortic coarctation repair in pediatric population. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008 Jul;34(1):26-31. Epub 2008 May 16.
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Fraser CD Jr, Andropoulos DB. Principles of antegrade cerebral perfusion during arch reconstruction in newborns/infants. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2008:61-8. Review.
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Hoffman GM, Mussatto KM, Brosig CL, Tweddell JS, Ghanayem NS. Cerebral Oxygenation and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Anesthesiology 2008; 109 A7. *
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Johnson B, Tweddell JS, Cava JR, Hoffman GM, Basire M, Mussatto KA, Scanlon MC, Mitchell ME, Ghanayem NS. Clinical utility of near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates prior to stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Presented at Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, January 29, 2008. *

Kimatian SJ, Saliba KJ, Soler X, Valentine EA, Coleman ML, Kunselman AR, Schuler HG, Barnes ML, Thirumala PD, Myers JL. The influence of neurophysiologic monitoring on the management of pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. ASAIO J. 2008 Sep-Oct;54(5):467-9. [Correspondence]
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Li J, Zhang G, Holtby H, Guerguerian AM, Cai S, Humpl T, Caldarone CA, Redington AN, Van Arsdell GS. The influence of systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport on cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates after the Norwood procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Jan;135(1):83-90, 90.e1-2.
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Naguib AN, Galantowicz ME. Anesthetic Managment of an Infant with Left Innominate Artery Arising from the Main Pulmonary Artery. Anesthesiology 2008; 109 A167. * [Case Report]
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Nelson DP, Andropoulos DB, Fraser CD Jr. Perioperative neuroprotective strategies. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2008:49-56. Review.
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Rubio Á, Hakami L, Münch F, Tandler R, Harig F, Weyand M. Noninvasive Control of Adequate Cerebral Oxygenation During Low-Flow Antegrade Selective Cerebral Perfusion on Adults and Infants in the Aortic Arch Surgery. J Card Surg 2008;23:474-479. Published Online: Aug 19 2008 9:49PM DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2008.00644.x
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You J, Mejak B, Giacomuzzi C, Heller E, Ungerleider R, Welke K. Routine mechanical ventricular assist following the Norwood procedure improved cerebral perfusion. Cardiol Young. 2008 Apr;18(2):197. [Correspondence]
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Zhang H, Merat M, Holtby H, Cai S, Arsdell GSV, Li J. Blood glucose level negatively correlates with cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates after the Norwood Procedure. Presented at International Academy of Cardiology: World Congress on Heart Disease, July 26-28, 2008, Toronto, Canada. *
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2007


Andropoulos DB, Mizrahi EM, Hrachovy RA, Nelson DP, Fraser CD. Optimized bypass strategy virtually eliminates EEG seizures following neonatal cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: A218. *
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Andropoulos DB, Stayer SA, Nelson DP, Hunter JV, Fraser CD. Optimized bypass strategy eliminates periventricular leukomalacia following neonatal cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: A209. *
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DiGeronimo R, Griffith S, Steigelman M, McNeil J, Dixon P, Buchanan R, Coleman R, Salazar J. Hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18°C versus 25°C: Acute effects on cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation. [7912.4] Presented at Pediatric Academic Societies', May 5 - May 8, 2007. [Animal Study] *
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DiGeronimo R, Salazar J, Coleman R, Steigelman M, McNeil J, Young H, Buchanan R, Griffith S. Multimodal neuromonitoring during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with and without selective cerebral perfusion: direct brain tissue oxygen tension compared to rSO2 Index. [5330.1] Presented at Pediatric Academic Societies', May 5 - May 8, 2007. [Animal Study] *
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Dominguez TE, Wernovsky G, Gaynor JW. Cause and prevention of central nervous system injury in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Fall;19(3):269-77. Review.
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Felix DE, Munro HM, DeCampli WM. Near infrared spectroscopy used to detect preoperative aortic obstruction. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Jun;17(6):598-9. [Case Report]
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Fenton KN, Lessman K, Glogowski K, Fogg S, Duncan KF. Cerebral oxygen saturation does not normalize until after stage 2 single ventricle palliation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Apr;83(4):1431-6.
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Gardner AB, Eghtesady P. Infant arch reconstruction during total system perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Apr;133(4):1096-8. [Case Report]
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Gargiulo G, Oppido G, Angeli E, Napoleone CP. Neonatal aortic arch surgery. Multimedia Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2007 doi:10.1510/mmcts.2006.002345

Goldberg CS, Bove EL, Devaney EJ, Mollen E, Schwartz E, Tindall S, Nowak C, Charpie J, Brown MB, Kulik TJ, Ohye RG. A randomized clinical trial of regional cerebral perfusion versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: outcomes for infants with functional single ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Apr;133(4):880-7. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
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Hill S, Lavoie J, Rohlicek C, Dougherty G, Tchervenkov C. One, two, three strikes - you're out! Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) event. Anesth Analg 2007;104,SCA52.
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Kussman BD, Gauvreau K, DiNardo JA, Newburger JW, Mackie AS, Booth KL, del Nido PJ, Roth SJ, Laussen PC. Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation after the Norwood procedure: comparison of right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Mar;133(3):648-55.
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Kwak JG, Kim WH, Oh AY, Yoon TG, Kim HS, Chae JH, Park SY. Is unilateral brain regional perfusion neurologically safe during congenital aortic arch surgery? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Nov;32(5):751-5. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
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Markowitz SD, Ichord RN, Wernovsky G, Gaynor JW, Nicolson SC. Surrogate markers for neurological outcome in children after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007 Mar;11(1):59-65. Review.
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Miyaji K, Kohira S, Miyamoto T, Nakashima K, Sato H, Ohara K, Yoshimura H. Pediatric cardiac surgery without homologous blood transfusion, using a miniaturized bypass system in infants with lower body weight. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Aug;134(2):284-9.
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Pieters B, Johnston TA, Jones TK, Cohen G, Jonmarker C. Resistant hypoxemia in an infant with a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (Sano) shunt. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007 Dec;21(6):880-882. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [Case Report]
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Polito A, Ricci Z, Chiara LD, Giorni C, Averardi M, Picardo S. Bilateral cerebral near infrared spectroscopy monitoring during surgery for neonatal coarctation of the aorta. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Sep;17(9):906-7. [Case Report]
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Rice-Townsend S, Ramamoorthy C, Dutta S. Thoracoscopic repair of a type D esophageal atresia in a newborn with complex congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Sep;42(9):1616-9. [Case Report]
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Rossi M, Tirotta CF, Lagueruela RG, Madril D. Diminished Blalock-Taussig shunt flow detected by cerebral oximetry. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Jan;17(1):72-4. [Case Report]
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Rubio A, Hakami L, Münch R, Tandler R, Singer H, Weyand M. Non invasive control of adequate cerebral oxygenation using INVOS® Cerebral Oximeter during low-flow antegrade selective cerebral perfusion on adults and infants by aortic arch surgery - it is a feasible procedure to predict perfusion failures? J Card Surg 2007; 22 (3):274. *
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Schwartz JM, Vricella LA, Jeffries MA, Heitmiller ES. Cerebral oximetry guides treatment during Blalock-Taussig shunt procedure. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008 Feb;22(1):95-7. Epub 2007 Jan 25. [Case Report]
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Taylor SP, Berens RF. Using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) when systemic blood pressure monitoring is not possible; Repair of long segment coarctation of the aorta in a neonate. Presented at SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2007. *
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Tobias JD. Cerebral oximetry monitoring provides early warning of hypercyanotic spells in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. J Intensive Care Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;22(2):118-20. [Case Report]
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Williams GD, Ramamoorthy C. Brain monitoring and protection during pediatric cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007 Mar;11(1):23-33. Review.
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2006


Berens RJ, Stuth EA, Robertson FA, Jaquiss RD, Hoffman GM, Troshynski TJ, Staudt SR, Cava JR, Tweddell JS, Bert Litwin S. Near infrared spectroscopy monitoring during pediatric aortic coarctation repair. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Jul;16(7):777-81.
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Cunningham K, Gomez D, Clossman C, Wilson H, Riley J, Olshove V. Predicting baseline cerebral tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SrO2) in pediatric congenital cardiac surgery patients. Presented at AmSECT 44th International Conference, April 19-23, 2006, Las Vegas, Nevada. *

Diaz LK. Anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Paediatr Drugs. 2006;8(4):223-33. Review.
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Ghanayem NS, Jaquiss RD, Cava JR, Frommelt PC, Mussatto KA, Hoffman GM, Tweddell JS. Right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit versus Blalock-Taussig shunt: a hemodynamic comparison. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Nov;82(5):1603-9; discussion 1609-10.
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Gottlieb EA, Fraser CD Jr, Andropoulos DB, Diaz LK. Bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation results in recognition of aortic cannula malposition during pediatric congenital heart surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Jul;16(7):787-9. [Case Report]
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Heninger C, Ramamoorthy C, Amir G, Kamra K, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Brock-Utne JG. Esophageal saturation during antegrade cerebral perfusion: a preliminary report using visible light spectroscopy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Nov;16(11):1133-7.
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Hill SJ, Withington DE. Too clever by half? Can bilateral or unilateral NIRS monitoring improve neurological outcome from pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass? Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Jul;16(7):709-11. [Editorial]
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Hoffman GM Neurologic monitoring on cardiopulmonary bypass: what are we obligated to do? Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Jun;81(6):S2373-80.
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Hoffman GM. Pro: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Should Be Used for All Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Aug;20(4):606-612.
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Hsia TY, Gruber PJ. Factors influencing neurologic outcome after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass: what we can and cannot control. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Jun;81(6):S2381-8. Review.
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Ing RJ, Fischer S, Shipton S, Gray R, Thomas J, Hewitson J. Regional cerebral oxygenation monitoring--intraoperative management in a patient with severe left ventricular dysfunction. S Afr Med J. 2006 Dec;96(12):1266-8. [Case Report]
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Joshi RK, Motta P, Horibe M, Mossad E. Monitoring cerebral oxygenation in a pediatric patient undergoing surgery for vascular ring. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Feb;16(2):178-81. [Case Report]
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N, Peterss S, Oetjen P, von Wasielewski R, Hauschild G, Karck M, Haverich A, Hagl C. Hypothermic circulatory arrest with moderate, deep or profound hypothermic selective antegrade cerebral perfusion: which temperature provides best brain protection? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Sep;30(3):492-8. Epub 2006 Jul 20. [Animal Study]
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Kimatian SJ, Myers JL, Johnson SK, Suominen PK. Transcranial Doppler-revealed retrograde cerebral artery flow during Norwood 1 operation. ASAIO J. 2006 Sep- Oct;52(5):608-10. [Case Report]
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Medlin WM, Sistino JJ. Cerebral oxygen saturation changes during modified ultrafiltration. Perfusion. 2006 Nov;21(6):325-8.
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Meier SD, Eble BK, Stapleton GE, Morales DL, Chang AC, Andropoulos DB. Mesenteric oxyhemoglobin desaturation improves with patent ductus arteriosus ligation. J Perinatol. 2006 Sep;26(9):562-4.
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Mitchell ME, Sehic A, Edmonds JL Jr, Austin EH III. Non-invasive peri-spinal oximetry for aortic coarctation repair. Clinical Neurophysiology 2006:117:S238 P27.12. *

Muehlschlegel S, Lobato EB. Con: all cardiac surgical patients should not have intraoperative cerebral oxygenation monitoring. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Aug;20(4):613-5.
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Ricci M, Lombardi P, Schultz S, Galindo A, Coscarella E, Vasquez A, Rosenkranz E. Near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor cerebral oxygen saturation in single-ventricle physiology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Feb;131(2):395-402.
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Scholl FG, Webb D, Christian K, Drinkwater DC. Rapid diagnosis of cannula migration by cerebral oximetry in neonatal arch repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Jul;82(1):325-7. [Case Report]
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Stapleton GE, Eble BK, East DK. Mott AR, Dickerson HA, Price JF, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD, Andropoulos DB, Chang AC. Mesenteric regional oximetry in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery: A new assessment methodology of systemic oxygen delivery using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(4)242A:989-110. *
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Zabala L, Ullah S, Schmitz ML, Watkins WB. Cerebral and somatic near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during Kasai portoenterostomy in a neonate following first stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Presented at Pediatric Anesthesiology 2006, February 16-19, 2006, Fort Myers, Florida. *

2005


Andropoulos DB, Diaz LK, East DL, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr. Intraoperative cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1376. *
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Andropoulos DB, East DL, Eble BK, Stapleton GE, Chang AC. Perioperative intestinal regional oxygen saturation index (rSO2i) in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1331. *
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Andropoulos DB, East DL, Eble BK, Stapleton GE, Chang AC. Preoperative cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1341. *
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Andropoulos DB, East DL, Stapleton GE, Eble BK, Chang AC. Postoperative cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1340. *
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Bichell DP, Lamberti JJ, Pelletier GJ, Hoecker C, Cocalis MW, Ing FF, Jensen RA. Late left pulmonary artery stenosis after the Norwood procedure is prevented by a modification in shunt construction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 May;79(5):1656-60; discussion 1660-1.
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Dent CL, Spaeth JP, Jones BV, Schwartz SM, Glauser TA, Hallinan B, Pearl JM, Khoury PR, Kurth CD. Brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities after the Norwood procedure using regional cerebral perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Dec;130(6):1523-30.
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Diaz LK, Andropoulos DB. New developments in pediatric cardiac anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 2005 Dec;23(4):655-76, viii. Review.
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Fenton KN, Freeman K, Glogowski K, Fogg S, Duncan KF. The significance of baseline cerebral oxygen saturation in children undergoing congenital heart surgery. Am J Surg. 2005 Aug;190(2):260-3.
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Fesseha AK, Eidem BW, Dibardino DJ, Cron SG, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr, Price JF, Chang AC, Mott AR. Neonates with aortic coarctation and cardiogenic shock: presentation and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 May;79(5):1650-5.
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Han SH, Kim CS, Lim C, Kim WH. Obstruction of the superior vena cava cannula detected by desaturation of the cerebral oximeter. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Jun;19(3):420-1. [Case Report]
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Hofer A, Haizinger B, Geiselseder G, Mair R, Rehak P, Gombotz H. Monitoring of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy in neonatal aortic arch surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 Apr;22(4):293-8.
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Musa N, Mussatto KA, Berens RJ. Differential effects of carbon dioxide tension on cerebral and somatic oxygenation assessed by near infrared spectroscopy in postoperative neonates. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1374. *
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Kussman BD, Wypij D, DiNardo JA, Newburger J, Jonas RA, Bartlett J, McGrath E, Laussen PC. An evaluation of bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation during pediatric cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5):1294-300.
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McKenzie ED, Andropoulos DB, Dibardino D, Fraser CD Jr. Congenital Heart Surgery 2005: The brain: It's the heart of the matter. Am J Surg. 2005 Aug;190(2):289-294. Review.
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Ricci M, Lombardi P, Galindo A, Coscarella E, Vasquez A, Rosenkranz E. Single-ventricle physiology reduces cerebral oxygen delivery in a piglet model. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Aug;80(2):686-93; discussion 694. [Animal Study]
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Rodriguez RA, Ruel M, Broecker L, Cornel G. High flow rates during modified ultrafiltration decrease cerebral blood flow velocity and venous oxygen saturation in infants. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jul;80(1):22-8.
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Taylor K, Holtby H. Methylene blue revisited: management of hypotension in a pediatric patient with bacterial endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Aug;130(2):566. [Case Report]
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Tirotta CF, Lagueruela R, Munro HM, Zahn EM, Lopez L, Burke RP. Anesthetic management of conjoined twins presenting for palliative open-heart surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005 Jul;101(1):44-7. [Case Report]
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2004


Andropoulos DB, Diaz LK, Fraser CD Jr, McKenzie ED, Stayer SA. Is bilateral monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation necessary during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction? Anesth Analg. 2004 May;98(5):1267-72.
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Andropoulos DB, Stayer SA, Diaz LK, Ramamoorthy C. Neurological monitoring for congenital heart surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004 Nov;99(5):1365-75; table of contents. Review.
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Campos Lopez CJ, East DL, Andropoulos DB, Stayer SA, Miller-Hance WC. The effect of FiO2 on hemodynamics, mixed venous and cerebral oxygen saturation in infants with large intracardiac shunts. Anesthesiology 2004;101:1511. *
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Diaz LK, McKenzie ED, Miller-Hance WC, Andropoulos DB, East DL. The effect of mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow on systemic and cerebral oxygen saturations in infants with single ventricle physiology. Anesthesiology 2004;101:A1444. *
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Dibardino DJ, Allison AE, Vaughn WK, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr. Current expectations for newborns undergoing the arterial switch operation. Ann Surg. 2004 May;239(5):588-96; discussion 596-8.
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Han SH, Kim CS, Kim SD, Bahk JH, Park YS. The effect of bloodless pump prime on cerebral oxygenation in paediatric patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004 May;48(5):648-52.
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Stuth EA, Berens RJ, Tweddell JS. NIRS-derived somatic and cerebral saturation difference provides non-invasive real-time hemodynamic assessment of cardiogenic shock and risk of anaerobic metabolism. Anesthesiology 2004; 101: A1448. *
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Hoffman GM, Stuth EA, Jaquiss RD, Vanderwal PL, Staudt SR, Troshynski TJ, Ghanayem NS, Tweddell JS. Changes in cerebral and somatic oxygenation during stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome using continuous regional cerebral perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Jan;127(1):223-33.
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Ing RJ, Lawson DS, Jaggers J, Schulman S, Shearer IR, Kern FH. Detection of unintentional partial superior vena cava occlusion during a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004 Aug;18(4):472-4. [Case Report]
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Kilpack VD, Stayer SA, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr, Andropoulos DB. Limiting circulatory arrest using regional low flow perfusion. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2004 Jun;36(2):133-8.
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Lozano S, Mossad E. Cerebral function monitors during pediatric cardiac surgery: can they make a difference? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004 Oct;18(5):645-56. Review.
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Stuth EA, Berens RJ, Hoffman GM, Robertson FA, Staudt S. Use of NIRS oximetry to monitor regional circulation in glenn and fontan procedures. Anesthesiology 2004; 101: A1443. *
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Zimmerman AT, Ibsen LM. Advances in postoperative care of pediatric cardiac patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2004 Jun;17(3):241-6.
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2003-2000


Andropoulos DB, Stayer SA, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr. Novel cerebral physiologic monitoring to guide low-flow cerebral perfusion during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Mar;125(3):491-9.
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Andropoulos DB, Stayer SA, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD Jr. Regional low-flow perfusion provides comparable blood flow and oxygenation to both cerebral hemispheres during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Dec;126(6):1712-7.
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Hamawaki M, Narimatsu M, Yamaguchi H, Nishi K, Eishi K. Bilateral subclavian steal associated with severe coarctation of the thoracic aorta and an aberrant right subclavian artery. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Mar;51(3):110-2. [Case Report]
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Hoffman GM, Stuth EA, Berens RJ, Robertson FA, Troshynski TJ. Two-site near-infrared transcutaneous oximetry as a non-invasive indicator of mixed venous oxygen saturation in cardiac neonates. Anesthesiology 2003;99:A1393. *
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Tosone SR, Miller BE, Guzzetta NA, Kanter KR, Forbess JM. Cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring is a useful adjunct in assessing adequacy of systemic perfusion in single ventricle physiology after neonatal cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2003;99:A1392. *
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Yeh T Jr, Austin EH 3rd, Sehic A, Edmonds HL Jr. Rapid recognition and treatment of cerebral air embolism: the role of neuromonitoring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Aug;126(2):589-91. [Case Report]
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Watson AE, McCall MM, Sistino JJ, Bradley SM. Temperature dependant effects of carbon dioxide on cerebral oxygen saturation during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. JECT. 2002;34:69. *
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Pigula FA, Gandhi SK, Siewers RD, Davis PJ, Webber SA, Nemoto EM. Regional low-flow perfusion provides somatic circulatory support during neonatal aortic arch surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001 Aug;72(2):401-6; discussion 406-7.
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Yeh T Jr, Gouldman J, Auden SM, Seremet V, Edmonds HL Jr, Cerrito PB, Austin EH 3rd. Mixed venous oxygen saturation does not adequately predict cerebral perfusion during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Jul;122(1):192-3.
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Mychaskiw G, Heath BJ, Eichhorn JH. Falsely elevated bispectral index during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Nov;85(5):798-800. [Case Report]
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Pigula FA, Landsman IS, Siewers RD, Nemoto EM. Noninvasive assessment of cerebral oxygen/glucose uptake by the pediatric brain during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 2000;90,SCA25. *

Pigula FA, Nemoto EM, Griffith BP, Siewers RD. Regional low-flow perfusion provides cerebral circulatory support during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 Feb;119(2):331-9.
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1998-1997


Daubeney PE, Smith DC, Pilkington SN, Lamb RK, Monro JL, Tsang VT, Livesey SA, Webber SA. Cerebral oxygenation during paediatric cardiac surgery: identification of vulnerable periods using near infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1998 Apr;13(4):370-7.
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de Vries JW, Hoorntje T, Bakker PF. Cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in an infant undergoing ICD implantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1998 Aug;12(4):442-4. [Case Report]
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Liu R, Sun D, Hang Y, Ishibe Y. Evaluation of cerebral oxygen balance by cerebral oximeter and transcranial Doppler during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 1998;89:A309. *

Austin EH 3rd, Edmonds HL Jr, Auden SM, Seremet V, Niznik G, Sehic A, Sowell MK, Cheppo CD, Corlett KM. Benefit of neurophysiologic monitoring for pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Nov;114(5):707-15, 717; discussion 715-6.
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Critical Care
2009

Johnson BA, Hoffman GM, Tweddell JS, Cava JR, Basir M, Mitchell ME, Scanlon MC, Mussatto KA, Ghanayem NS. Near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates before palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Feb;87(2):571-7; discussion 577-9.
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2008


Brady KM, Lee JK, Kibler KK, Easley RB, Koehler RC, Shaffner DH. Continuous measurement of autoregulation by spontaneous fluctuations in cerebral perfusion pressure: comparison of 3 methods. Stroke. 2008 Sep;39(9):2531-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [Animal Study]
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Johnson BA, Chang AC. Near-infrared spectroscopy and tissue oxygenation: the unremitting quest for the holy grail. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;9(1):123-4. [Editorial]
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Kaufman J, Almodovar MC, Zuk J, Friesen RH. Correlation of abdominal site near-infrared spectroscopy with gastric tonometry in infants following surgery for congenital heart disease. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2008;9(1):62-68. Continuing Medical Education Article
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Phelps C, Friesen RH, Reynolds RM, da Cruz E, Kaufman J. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow and response to enteral feeding in neonates with congenital heart disease: Doppler evaluation and abdominal oximetry. Cardiol Young. 2008 Apr;18(2):205-206. [Correspondence]
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Phelps HM, Mahle WT, Simsic JM, Kirshbom PM, Kanter KR, Maher KO. Low Cerebral Near Infrared Spectroscopy Following the Norwood Procedure Predicts Adverse Outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 51: A92 1025-120. *
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Skowno JJ, Broadhead M. Cardiac output measurement in pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
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Subbaswamy A, Hsu AA, Weinstein S, Bell MJ. Correlation of Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (cNIRS) and Neurological Markers in Critically Ill Children. Neurocrit Care. 2008 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print].
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Tobias JD. Cerebral Oximetry Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Interrupted Aortic Arch. J Intensive Care Med. 2008 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]. [Case Report]
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2007


Adelson PD. Cerebral oximetry in the head-injured patient: Is it time for widespread application? Clinical Neurosurgery 2007;54:58-63.
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Bhutta AT, Ford JW, Parker JG, Prodhan P, Fontenot EE, Seib PM, Stroope BI, Frazier EA, Schmitz ML, Drummond-Webb JJ, Morrow WR. Noninvasive cerebral oximeter as a surrogate for mixed venous saturation in children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007 Jan- Feb;28(1):34-41. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
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Brady KM, Lee JK, Kibler KK, Smielewski P, Czosnyka M, Easley RB, Koehler RC, Shaffner DH. Continuous Time-Domain Analysis of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Stroke. 2007 Oct;38(10):2818-25. Epub 2007 Aug 30. [Animal Study]
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Chakravarti SB, Srivastava S, Katz JC, Joashi U, Nguyen K, Hollinger I, Love BA, Mittnacht A. Near infrared spectroscopy predicts hyperlactatemia in children following cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol.2007; 49: 1029-31 A. *
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Mussatto KA, Berens RJ, Tweddell JS. Postoperative two-site NIRS predicts complications and mortality after Stage 1 Palliation of HLHS. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: A234. *
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Kirshbom PM, Forbess JM, Kogon BE, Simsic JM, Kim DW, Raviele AA, Kanter KR, Vincent RN. Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy is a reliable marker of systemic perfusion in awake single ventricle children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007 Jan-Feb;28(1):42-5. Epub 2007 Jan 2.
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McQuillen PS, Nishimoto MS, Bottrell CL, Fineman LD, Hamrick SE, Glidden DV, Azakie A, Adatia I, Miller SP. Regional and central venous oxygen saturation monitoring following pediatric cardiac surgery: concordance and association with clinical variables. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007 Mar;8(2):154-60.
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Peddy SB, Hazinski MF, Laussen PC, Thiagarajan RR, Hoffman GM, Nadkarni V, Tabbutt S. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: special considerations for infants and children with cardiac disease. Cardiol Young. 2007 Sep;17 Suppl 2:116-26. Review.
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Stapleton GE, Eble BK, Dickerson HA, Andropoulos DB, Chang AC. Mesenteric oxygen desaturation in an infant with congenital heart disease and necrotizing enterocolitis. Tex Heart Inst J. 2007;34(4):442-4. [Case Report]
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Vavilala MS. Cerebral oximetry: patience is a virtue but not a virtue for the patient, yet? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007 Mar;8(2):192-3. [Comment]
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2006


Diaz GA, Cesaron E, Alfonso I, Dunoyer C, Yaylali I. Near infrared spectroscopy in the management of status epilepticus in a young infant. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2006;10(1):19-21. Epub 2006 Mar 10. [Case Report]
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Berens RJ, Scanlon MC, Weigle CCG. Reduction in critical indicators of shock by routine use of two-site NIRS in pediatric ICU patients. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: A803. *
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Li J, Van Arsdell GS, Zhang G, Cai S, Humpl T, Caldaro CA, Holtby H, Redington AN. Assessment of the relationship between cerebral and splanchnic oxygen saturations measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and direct measurements of systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport after the Norwood procedure. Heart. 2006 Nov;92(11):1678-85. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
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Mott AR, Alomrani A, Tortoriello TA, Perles Z, East DL, Stayer SA. Changes in cerebral saturation profile in response to mechanical ventilation alterations in infants with bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul;7(4):346-350.
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Roberts JS, Vavilala MS, Schenkman KA, Shaw D, Martin LD, Lam AM. Cerebral hyperemia and impaired cerebral autoregulation associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in critically ill children. Crit Care Med. 2006 Aug;34(8):2217-23.
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2005


Hanson SJ, Berens RJ, Hoffman GM, Kim MK. Effect of volume resuscitation on systemic perfusion as detected by two-site near-infrared spectroscopy in dehydrated pediatric patients. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1373. *
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Hoffman GM. Detection and prevention of neurologic injury in the intensive care unit. Cardiol Young. 2005 Feb;15 Suppl 1:149-53. Review.
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Mussatto KA, Musa N. Perioperative perfusion assessed by somatic NIRS predicts postoperative renal dysfunction. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1327. * Click here.

Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Tweddell JS. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac output. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2005;:12-21. Review.
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Hoffman GM, Stuth EA, Berens RJ, Staudt SA, Strong TC. Two-site NIRS reveals impaired systemic oxygen delivery during anesthesia induction in critically ill neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Anesthesiology 2005;103:A1328. *
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Tortoriello TA, Stayer SA, Mott AR, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD, Andropoulos DB, Chang AC. A noninvasive estimation of mixed venous oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy by cerebral oximetry in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Pediatric Anesthesia 2005;15:495-503.
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2004-1998


Alfonso I, Vasconcellos E, Shuhaiber HH, Yaylali I, Papazian O. Bilateral decreased oxygenation during focal status epilepticus in a neonate with hemimegalencephaly. J Child Neurol. 2004 May;19(5):394-6. [Case Report]
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Diaz LK, McKenzie ED, Miller-Hance WC, Andropoulos DB, East DL. The effect of mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow on systemic and cerebral oxygen saturations in infants with single ventricle physiology. Anesthesiology 2004;101:A1444. *
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El-Watidy S, El-Dawlatly A, Jamjoom ZA, El-Gamal E. Use of transcranial cerebral oximeter as indicator for biofrontal decompressive craniectomy: The internet journal of anesthesiology. 2004; volume 8, number 2. [Case Report]
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Shuhaiber H, Bolton S, Alfonso I, Dunoyer C, Yaylali I. Cerebral regional oxygen fluctuations and decline during clinically silent focal electroencephalographic seizures in a neonate. J Child Neurol. 2004 Jul;19(7):539-40. [Case Report]
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Zimmerman AT, Ibsen LM. Advances in postoperative care of pediatric cardiac patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2004 Jun;17(3):241-6. Review.
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Nemoto EM, Adelson D, Painter M. Cerebral oximetry in head injured children. J Neurosurg Anest 1998;10(4)283:1004. *

Extracorporeal Life Support/ECMO
2007-2004


Foltan M, Philipp A, Birnbaum D. Extended use of ECC. Perfusion. 2007 May;22(3):173-8.
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Ghez O, Fouilloux V, Charpentier A, Fesquet P, Lion F, Lebrun L, Commandeur M, Fraisse A, Metras D, Kreitmann B. Absence of rapid deployment extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team does not preclude resuscitation ecmo in pediatric cardiac patients with good results. ASAIO J. 2007 Nov-Dec;53(6):692-5.
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Ejike JC, Schenkman KA, Seidel K, Ramamoorthy C, Roberts JS. Cerebral oxygenation in neonatal and pediatric patients during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar;7(2):154-8.
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Hannan RL, Ojito JW, Ybarra MA, O'Brien MC, Rossi AF, Burke RP. Rapid cardiopulmonary support in children with heart disease: a nine-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Nov;82(5):1637-41.
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Agati S, Ciccarello G, Ocello S, Salvo D, Marcelletti C, Undar A, Mignosa C. Pulsatile ECMO and VAD: a dual use of a new device in pediatric cardiac patients. ASAIO J. 2006 Sep-Oct;52(5):501-4.
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Agati S, Mignosa C, Ciccarello G, Dario S, Undar A. Pulsatile ECMO in neonates and infants: first European clinical experience with a new device. ASAIO J. 2005 Sep- Oct;51(5):508-12.
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Cua CL, Hoffman TM, Taeed R, Weinstein S, Gomez D, Olshove VF, Craenen JM. Cerebral saturations trend with mixed venous saturations in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support. Perfusion. 2004 May;19(3):171-6.
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Interventional Cardiology
2007-1998


Kirshbom PM, Forbess JM, Kogon BE, Simsic JM, Kim DW, Raviele AA, Kanter KR, Vincent RN. Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy is a reliable marker of systemic perfusion in awake single ventricle children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007 Jan-Feb;28(1):42-5. Epub 2007 Jan 2.
Click here.

de Vries JW, Haanschoten MC. Resuscitation in pediatric balloon valvuloplasty: effects on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Oct;14(5):581-3. [Case Report]
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de Vries JW, Hoorntje TM, Sreeram N. Neurophysiological effects of pediatric balloon dilatation procedures. Pediatr Cardiol. 2000 Sep-Oct;21(5):461-4.
Click here.

de Vries JW, Hoorntje T, Bakker PF. Cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in an infant undergoing ICD implantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1998 Aug;12(4):442-4. [Case Report]
Click here.

Need for Monitoring
2007-1993

Hovels-Gurich HH, Konrad K, Skorzenski D, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Messmer BJ, Seghaye MC. Attentional dysfunction in children after corrective cardiac surgery in infancy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Apr;83(4):1425-30.
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Ma M, Gauvreau K, Allan CK, Mayer JE Jr, Jenkins KJ. Causes of death after congenital heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Apr;83(4):1438-45.
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Ghanayem NS, Mitchael ME, Tweddell JS, Hoffman GM. Monitoring the brain before, and after cardiac surgery to improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Cardiol Young 2006; 16(Suppl.3): 103-109. Review.
Click here.

Ramos C, Whyte CM, Harris BH. Nontraumatic compartment syndrome of the extremities in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Dec;41(12):e5-7. [Case Report]
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Amir G, Ramamoorthy C, Riemer RK, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Neonatal brain protection and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: pathophysiology of ischemic neuronal injury and protective strategies. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Nov;80(5):1955-64. Review.
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Cengiz P, Seidel K, Rycus PT, Brogan TV, Roberts JS. Central nervous system complications during pediatric extracorporeal life support: incidence and risk factors. Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec;33(12):2817-24.
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Licht DJ, Wang J, Silvestre DW, Nicolson SC, Montenegro LM, Wernovsky G, Tabbutt S, Durning SM, Shera DM, Gaynor JW, Spray TL, Clancy RR, Zimmerman RA, Detre JA. Preoperative cerebral blood flow is diminished in neonates with severe congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Dec;128(6):841-9.
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Newburger JW, Jonas RA, Wernovsky G, Wypij D, Hickey PR, Kuban KC, Farrell DM, Holmes GL, Helmers SL, Constantinou J, et al. A comparison of the perioperative neurologic effects of hypothermic circulatory arrest versus low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery. N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 7;329(15):1057-64.
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Non Peer-Reviewed
2008-2003


Estrada CM, Abramo TJ. Near-infrared Spectroscopy in the Pediatric Hydrocephalus Population. Touch Briefings: Neurology 2008:71-72.

Vlessides M. Novel bypass plan keeps flow high to protect young brains. Anesthesiology News 2008;3:1.
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Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS. Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output: Benefits of NIRS technology. Congenital Cardiology Today 2007 June;5(6):1-7.
Click here.

Soetenga DJ. Regional oxygen saturation: The new vital sign. Nursing. 2007 May;37(5):56cc1-56cc2.
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Tirotta CF. Near-Infrared spectroscopy for real-time cerebral/somatic oxygen monitoring. SPA Newsletter 2006;19: Fall 2006. *
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Douglas E. Near infrared spectroscopy accurately shows brain oxygenation. Anesthesiology News May 2003;29:46-47.

Validation
2008-1998


Hoffman GM, Wider MD. Changes in Regional Oxygenation by NIRS during Global Ischemia in Piglets. Anesthesiology 2008; 109 A1512. * [Animal Study]
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Hoffman GM, Wider MD. Organ Specificity of NIRS rSO2 Measurements during Regional Ischemia in Piglets. Anesthesiology 2008; 109 A272. * [Animal Study]
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Nagdyman N, Ewert P, Peters B, Miera O, Fleck T, Berger F. Comparison of different near-infrared spectroscopic cerebral oxygenation indices with central venous and jugular venous oxygenation saturation in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Feb;18(2):160-6.
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Abdul-Khaliq H, Troitzsch D, Berger F, Lange PE. [Regional transcranial oximetry with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in comparison with measuring oxygen saturation in the jugular bulb in infants and children for monitoring cerebral oxygenation] [Article in German] Biomed Tech (Berl). 2000 Nov;45(11):328-32.
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Jalowiecki P, Plóro A, Dzlurdzlk, Krawczyk L, Karpel E, Dyaczyñska-Herman A. Regional cerebral oxygenation monitoring in children undergoing elective scoliosis surgery with controlled urapidil induced hypotension. Med Sci Monit, 1998;4(6):987-992.

White Paper Series
2008-2005


Wider MD. Monitoring Regional Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) of the Kidney and Gut: An INVOS® System Animal Study. INVOS® Cerebral Oximeter Clinical White Paper Series 2008;SMS950:1-8.
Click here.

Simsic JM. Cerebral oximetry via near-infrared spectroscopy: A non-invasive indicator of mixed venous oxygen saturation in neonates before and after cardiac surgery. INVOS® Cerebral Oximeter Clinical White Paper Series 2005;412(1):1-4.
Click here.

Miscellaneous/Other Applications
2008-2006


Gozal D. Matters of the heart: the brain in pediatric sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct 15;178(8):785-6. [Editorial]
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Khadra MA, McConnell K, VanDyke R, Somers V, Fenchel M, Quadri S, Jefferies J, Cohen AP, Rutter M, Amin R. Determinants of regional cerebral oxygenation in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct 15;178(8):870-5. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
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Tobias JD. Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring With Near Infrared Spectroscopy Detects Alterations in Oxygenation Before Pulse Oximetry. J Intensive Care Med. 2008 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print].
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Javault A, Metton O, Raisky O, Bompard D, Hachemi M, Gamondes D, Ninet J, Neidecker J, Lehot JJ, Cannesson M. Anesthesia management in a child with PHACE syndrome and agenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Oct;17(10):989-93. [Case Report]
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Padmanabhan P, Berkenbosch JW, Lorenz DL, Myers A, Kang KA, Pierce MC. Evaluation of cerebral oxygenation during procedural sedation in children by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Presented at International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) 35th annual ISOTT meeting in Uppsala, Sweden, 26-30 August 2007. *
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Sangari TS, Schmitz ML, Watkins WB, Shah SR, Zabala LM, Ullah S. Anesthetic management of a neonate with artrioventricular canal for laparoscopic nissen fundoplication. Presented at SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2007. *
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Tobias JD, Hoernschemeyer DG. Near-infrared spectroscopy identifies compartment syndrome in an infant. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Apr-May;27(3):311-3. [Case Report]
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Raj AB, O'brien LM, Bertolone SJ, Gozal D, Edmonds HL Jr. Cerebral oximetry improves detection of sickle cell patients at risk for nocturnal cerebral hypoxia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006 Nov;41(11):1088-94.
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Tobias JD. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring: near-infrared spectroscopy. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006 Mar;3(2):235-43. Review.
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Yen KL, Piva S, McClain CD, Smith ER, Riviello JJ, Robertson RL, Soriano SG, Scott RM, McManus ML. Noninvasive Cerebral Oxygenation Monitoring by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Children with Moyamoya Syndrome Undergoing Pial Synangiosis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2006 Oct;18(4): 277-278. *
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Yen KL, Piva S, McClain CD, Smith ER, Riviello JJ, Robertson RL, Soriano SG, Scott RM, McManus ML. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring by Thermal Diffusion Probe in Children with Moyamoya Syndrome Undergoing Pial Synangiosis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2006 Oct;18(4):277. *
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2005-1997


Mariano ER, Chu LF, Albanese CT, Ramamoorthy C. Successful thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in a newborn with single ventricle physiology. Anesth Analg. 2005 Oct;101(4):1000-2. [Case Report]
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Shear T, Tobias JD. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring using near infrared spectroscopy during controlled hypotension. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005 Jun;15(6):504-8.
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Willoughby RE Jr, Tieves KS, Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Amlie-Lefond CM, Schwabe MJ, Chusid MJ, Rupprecht CE. Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2508-14. [Case Report]
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Raj A, Bertolone SJ, Mangold S, Edmonds HL Jr. Assessment of cerebral tissue oxygenation in patients with sickle cell disease: effect of transfusion therapy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 May;26(5):279-83.
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de Waal EE, de Vries JW, Kruitwagen CL, Kalkman CJ. The effects of low-pressure carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume in children. Anesth Analg. 2002 Mar;94(3):500-5.
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Sunghee H, Hyon BJ, Young-Swok O, Byung Moon H, Ho-Gol R. Changes in cerebral oxygenation during normovolemic hemodilution in patients with polycythemia Anesthesiology 2002;96:A280. *
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Eiris-Punal J, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Fernandez-Martinez N, Fuster M, Castro-Gago M, Martinon JM. Usefulness of the head-upright tilt test for distinguishing syncope and epilepsy in children. Epilepsia. 2001 Jun;42(6):709-13.
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Ündar A, Eichstaedt HC, Bigley J, Deady BA, Porter A, Vaughn WK, Fraser CD. Pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion and vital organ blood flow using a new pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Cardiology in the Young 2001;11:P553. [Animal Study] *
Villafane J, Edmonds HL, Jr. Volume expansion prevents tilt-induced syncope. Cardiology in the Young 2001;11:P1168. *

Jalowiecki P, Plóro A, Dzlurdzlk, Krawczyk L, Karpel E, Dyaczyñska-Herman A. Regional cerebral oxygenation monitoring in children undergoing elective scoliosis surgery with controlled urapidil induced hypotension. Med Sci Monit, 1998;4(6):987-992.

Rodriguez-Nunez A, Couceiro J, Alonso C, Eiris J, Fuster M, Sanchez L, Martinon JM. Cerebral oxygenation in children with syncope during head-upright tilt test. Pediatr Cardiol. 1997 Nov-Dec;18(6):406-9.
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